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What is C-4? - Plastic explosives
What is C-4? - Plastic explosives
By: Gabriel Gache, Science News Editor
Enlarge pictureComposition 4, or more commonly known as C-4, is a plastic explosive widely used in civil and military applications, which gained popularity as being extremely stable and due to publicity through films and video games. The term \'Composition\' is associated to stable explosives, for example, Composition A, Composition B and so on. It basically consists of a series of explosives bonded together with a plastic binder and a chemical, usually 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane, to identify the type and source of explosive.
The explosive material, cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine or C-4, also known as Royal Demolition Explosive and Research Development Explosive – RDX – is coated by the binding material in order to make it more stable to shocks and heat, fact which also gives it high malleability. The RDX material makes up 91 percent of the C-4 weight, while the plastic binder and plasticizer makes up only 7.4 percent of the volume of explosive.
The other 5 percent is represented by supplemental plasticizers, motor oil and chemical marker.
The explosion reaction is only initiated with detonators of blasting caps, setting it on fire or shooting it with a hand pistol or rifle wouldn\'t work, due to the remarkable properties of the stabilizing elements. In fact, C-4 is so stable that during the Vietnam war US soldiers would light it on fire and use it much in the same way as a piece of wood.
C-4 has a explosive force 1.34 time that of trinitrotoluene – TNT – and can produce a pressure wave traveling at 8,040 meters per second. The explosive reaction takes place in two stages. The first explosion creates a low-pressure wave in the surrounding area, although producing most of the damage. As the gas expands rapidly in the surrounding area, it creates a temporary vacuum in the middle which determines a high-pressure implosion.
The biggest advantage of C-4 except for being highly stable, is that its malleability enables it to be molded basically in any shape, may be pressed in gaps, cracks or inserted in any type of case.
In military terms C-4 is also referred to as PE4 or T4, depending on the type of plasticizer used for the explosive mix. C-4 appears as a white colored solid, very malleable on touch, and is generally used for military demolition, as explosive for bombs, hand grenades or home made bombs. In the last decades or so, C-4 became the preferred explosive for guerilla fighters and terrorists due to its accessibility, stability and high explosive power.
C-4是什么？塑性炸药
C-4是什么？塑性炸药
作者： Gabriel Gache， 科学新闻编辑
合成物4，或者称为更为人们所熟悉的C-4，是一种广泛应用于民用和军事方面的塑性炸药，它引起高度的稳定性而出名，并通过电影或者视频游戏为大众所熟悉。合成物"Compostion"这个词总是与稳定性炸药相联系，如合成物A，合成物B和一些类似的东西。它主要包括了有塑料粘合剂黏在一起的一系列炸药和一种化学产品。这种化学产品通常是2,3-二甲基-2,3-二硝基丁烷,用来确定爆炸的类型和起点。
这种爆炸性物质，环丙烷三硝铵（cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine)或者称C-4，被称为第一流的爆破用炸药和研究用炸药（RDX黑索今)。它通常被一层凝胶材料包裹以增加其遭受震荡或预热时的稳定性。事实上这也使它具有很好的可塑性。C-4占黑索今重量的91%，而塑料粘合剂和可塑剂只占其体积的7.4%。
另外5%则是辅助可塑剂，马达油和化学标记物。
由于其出色的稳定性，爆炸只能有引爆雷管引发。放在火上烧，用手枪或者来复枪射击都不能引爆。它是如此稳定，以至于越南战争时，美国士兵把它放在火上，还经常将它当作木头用。
C-4的爆炸威力相当于TNT的1.34倍，能产生8040米/秒的冲击波。爆炸反应分两个阶段。第一次爆炸会在周围产生低压波，造成大部分的破坏。当气体在周围迅速扩张的时候，中间区域就会出现暂时的真空，而这造成了高压力的内爆。C-4的最大的优点，除了高稳定性外，就是其延展性使其能被模塑成任何形状，可以塞进缺口，裂缝或者装进任何形状的箱子里。
军事上，根据其加入的可塑剂种类的不同，C-4也被称为PE4或者T4。C-4为白色固体，摸起来有很好的延展性，通常被用于军事爆破，被制成炸弹，手雷或者自制炸弹。由于其易于得到，稳定性高，并且具有很高的爆炸威力，C-4在过去的几十年里成为游击队员和恐怖主义者首选的炸药。
